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Introduction
BACKGROUNDFederal Republic of Somalia is a sovereign nation in Eastern Africa, Africa. The capital is Mogadishu. The government is a federal parliamentary republic. Official/primary language(s): Somali, Arabic. UN member since 1960.
CIA World Factbook (archived) · World Bank · Government Sources
19.0M
Population
$12.0B
GDP (Nominal)
637,657 km²
Area
Mogadishu
Capital
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Geography
CORE637,657 km²
Total Area
Mogadishu
Capital
Africa
Continent
+3 UTC
Timezone
Location
Region
Africa — Eastern Africa
Continent
Africa
Land Use
Forest Area
9.2%
World Bank (2023)
Arable Land
1.8%
World Bank (2023)
Total Area
637,657 km²
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People & Society
DEMOGRAPHICS19.0M
Population
58.8 yr
Life Expectancy
6.1
Fertility Rate
54.6%
Urban Pop.
Population & Language
Population
19.0M
World Bank (2024)
Languages
Somali, Arabic
Urbanization
54.6%
World Bank (2024)
Vital Rates
Birth Rate /1000
43.0
Death Rate /1000
9.8
Fertility Rate
6.1
Life Expectancy
58.8 years
Health Indicators
Infant Mortality /1000
67.8
World Bank (2023)
Under-5 Mortality /1000
104.0
World Bank (2023)
Maternal Mortality /100K
563
World Bank (2023)
Literacy Rate
54.1%
World Bank (2022)
Education
Literacy Rate
54.1%
World Bank (2022)
Education Expenditure (% GDP)
0.0%
World Bank (2023)
Internet Users
27.6%
World Bank (2022)
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Environment
CLIMATE & ECOLOGYEnvironmental Indicators
Forest Area (% of land)
9.2%
World Bank (2023)
Arable Land (%)
1.8%
World Bank (2023)
Renewable Energy (% total)
95.4%
World Bank (2022)
Access to Electricity
50.3%
World Bank (2023)
Water & Sanitation
Access to Safe Water
75.3%
World Bank (2024)
Access to Sanitation
44.5%
World Bank (2024)
Electricity Access
50.3%
World Bank (2023)
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Government
POLITICAL STRUCTUREOverview
Type
Federal Parliamentary Republic
Capital
Mogadishu
Official Name
Federal Republic of Somalia
UN Member Since
1960
Executive
Head of State
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
Head of Government
Hamza Abdi Barre
National Information
Currency
Somali Shilling (SOS)
Calling Code
+252
ISO Codes
SO / SOM
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Economy & Growth
ECONOMIC DATA$12.0B
GDP Nominal
$630
GDP Per Capita
4.1%
GDP Growth
18.9%
Unemployment
GDP
GDP (Current USD)
$12.0B
World Bank (2024)
GDP Per Capita (USD)
$630
World Bank (2024)
Real GDP Growth
4.1%
World Bank (2024)
GNI Per Capita
$620
World Bank (2024)
Labor & Prices
Unemployment Rate
18.9%
World Bank (2024)
Inflation (CPI)
N/A
World Bank
Poverty Rate (<$2.15/day)
N/A
World Bank
GINI Index
N/A
World Bank
Trade
Exports (USD)
$3.7B
World Bank (2024)
Imports (USD)
$11.9B
World Bank (2024)
FDI Net Inflows (USD)
$765.0M
World Bank (2024)
Trade (% of GDP)
130.3%
World Bank (2024)
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Energy & Resources
ENERGYEnergy Access & Mix
Access to Electricity
50.3%
World Bank (2023)
Renewable Energy (% total)
95.4%
World Bank (2022)
Resource Indicators
Military Expenditure (% GDP)
1.6%
World Bank (2024)
Health Expenditure (% GDP)
3.7%
World Bank (2023)
Education Expenditure (% GDP)
0.0%
World Bank (2023)
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Communications
TELECOMInternet Users (% of pop.)
27.6%
World Bank (2022)
Mobile Subscriptions /100 people
54.0
World Bank (2023)
Calling Code
+252
Languages
Somali, Arabic
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Transportation
LOGISTICSTransportation data for Somalia is available through national government sources, ICAO (aviation), IMO (maritime), and the CIA World Factbook (archived). Key indicators include airports, roadways, railways, merchant marine fleet, and major ports.
CIA World Factbook (archived) · ICAO · IMO
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Military & Security
DEFENSEDefense Spending
Military Expenditure (% GDP)
1.6%
World Bank (2024)
Government Type
Federal Parliamentary Republic
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Terrorism
GTI8.77/10
GTI Score
HIGH
Threat Level
Level 4: Do Not Travel
Travel Advisory
Institute for Economics & Peace — Global Terrorism Index 2024 · US State Department Travel Advisories
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Transnational Issues
CROSS-BORDERTrafficking in Persons
Tier 3
US State Dept TIP Report 2024
Freedom Status
Not Free (7/100)
Freedom House 2024
Travel Advisory
Level 4: Do Not Travel
US Department of State
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Agriculture & Food Security
WORLD BANKArable Land (% of area)
1.8%
World Bank (2023)
Forest Area (%)
9.2%
World Bank (2023)
World Bank WDI (AG.LND.ARBL.ZS, AG.LND.FRST.ZS)
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Financial Sector
WORLD BANKGovernment Debt (% GDP)
0.0%
World Bank (2024)
FDI Net Inflows (USD)
$765.0M
World Bank (2024)
Currency
Somali Shilling (SOS)
World Bank WDI (GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS, BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD)
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Gender Equality
WORLD BANKMaternal Mortality /100K
563.0
World Bank (2023)
Fertility Rate
6.1
World Bank (2023)
Life Expectancy at Birth
58.8
World Bank (2023)
World Bank WDI (SH.STA.MMRT, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN)
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Poverty & Inequality
WORLD BANKPoverty Rate (<$2.15/day)
N/A
World Bank
GINI Index
N/A
World Bank
GNI Per Capita (USD)
$620
World Bank (2024)
World Bank WDI (SI.POV.DDAY, SI.POV.GINI, NY.GNP.PCAP.CD)
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Science & Technology
WORLD BANKInternet Users (% of pop.)
27.6%
World Bank (2022)
Mobile Cellular Subscriptions /100
54.0
World Bank (2023)
World Bank WDI (IT.NET.USER.ZS, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS)
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Urban Development
WORLD BANKUrban Population (%)
54.6%
World Bank (2024)
Access to Electricity
50.3%
World Bank (2023)
Access to Safe Water
75.3%
World Bank (2024)
Access to Sanitation
44.5%
World Bank (2024)
World Bank WDI (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, SH.H2O.BASW.ZS, SH.STA.BASS.ZS)
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Health (Expanded)
WORLD BANK + GOVLife Expectancy
58.8
World Bank (2023)
Infant Mortality /1000
67.8
World Bank (2023)
Under-5 Mortality /1000
104.0
World Bank (2023)
Maternal Mortality /100K
563.0
World Bank (2023)
Health Expenditure (% GDP)
3.7%
World Bank (2023)
Safe Water Access
75.3%
World Bank (2024)
Sanitation Access
44.5%
World Bank (2024)
World Bank WDI (SH.DYN.MORT, SH.STA.MMRT, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS)
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Governance & Rule of Law
EXTENDED INTELLIGENCE11/100
CPI Score
N/A
Democracy Index
#141
Press Freedom Rank
Not Free
Freedom Status
Corruption & Transparency
CPI Score
11/100 (Rank: #175)
Transparency International CPI 2024
Basel AML Index
8.2/10
Basel Institute on Governance 2024
FATF Status
N/A
FATF Mutual Evaluations
Democracy & Freedom
Democracy Index
N/A/10
Economist Intelligence Unit 2023
Freedom Status
Not Free (7/100)
Freedom House FIW 2024
Press Freedom
Rank: #141/180
Reporters Without Borders 2024
State Fragility
Fragile States Index
111.4/120
Fund for Peace FSI 2024
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Trade & Sanctions
EXTENDEDExports (USD)
$3.7B
World Bank (2024)
Imports (USD)
$11.9B
World Bank (2024)
Trade (% of GDP)
130.3%
World Bank (2024)
FDI Net Inflows
$765.0M
World Bank (2024)
World Bank WDI · Global Affairs · OFAC · EU Sanctions Map
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All Data Sources
35+ SOURCESCIA Factbook (Archived)
CIA World Factbook — DISCONTINUED Feb 4, 2026. All 258 country pages removed from cia.gov. This platform preserves and extends Somalia's data using 35+ alternative open sources.
World Bank Open Data
| Category | Key Indicators |
|---|---|
| Economy & Growth | NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS |
| Health | SH.DYN.MORT, SH.STA.MMRT, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS |
| Education | SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS |
| Environment | AG.LND.FRST.ZS, AG.LND.ARBL.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS |
| Infrastructure | IT.NET.USER.ZS, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |
| Poverty | SI.POV.DDAY, SI.POV.GINI, NY.GNP.PCAP.CD |
| Trade | NE.EXP.GNFS.CD, NE.IMP.GNFS.CD, BX.KLT.DINV.CD.WD |
| Demographics | SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN |
International Risk & Governance Sources
| Source | Coverage |
|---|---|
| Transparency International | CPI — Corruption Perceptions Index 2024 |
| Freedom House | Freedom in the World 2024 |
| US State Department | TIP Report 2024 · Travel Advisories |
| Institute for Economics & Peace | Global Terrorism Index 2024 |
| Basel Institute on Governance | Basel AML Index 2024 |
| Fund for Peace | Fragile States Index 2024 |
| Economist Intelligence Unit | Democracy Index 2023 |
| Reporters Without Borders | Press Freedom Index 2024 |
| FATF / FSRBs | AML/CFT Mutual Evaluations |
| UNDP | Human Development Index |
| IMF | World Economic Outlook, Article IV |
| OECD | Comparative indicators |
| SIPRI | Military expenditure, arms transfers |
| UNHCR | Refugee data |
| IEA | Energy statistics |
Categories Coverage
This platform covers 25+ categories with 100+ data fields from 35+ validated sources. World Bank data is fetched via API v2 from the most recent available year (2018-2024). All risk indices use the latest published edition.
Social Protection & Labor
WORLD BANK